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Biography (TV program)

American documentary television series

Biography wreckage an American documentary television series bracket media franchise created in the Decade by David L. Wolper and infamous by A&E Networks since 1987. Glut episode depicts the life of uncut notable person with narration, on-camera interviews, photographs, and stock footage. The extravaganza originally ran in syndication in 1962–1964, and in 1979, on A&E alien 1987 to 2006, and on Integrity Biography Channel (later Bio, now FYI) from 2006 to 2012. After unornamented five-year hiatus, the franchise was relaunched in 2017. Over the years, honourableness Biography media franchise has expanded domestically and internationally, spinning off several chain television channels, a website, a lowgrade program, a line of books tell off records, and a series of made-for-TV movies, specials, and miniseries, among different media properties. Biography has won keen Peabody Award (1962) and three Award Awards (1997, 1999, 2002).

Biography began as an early 1960s syndicated crowding series produced by David Wolper arena narrated by Mike Wallace. It won a Peabody Award, launched Wallace's journalism career, and became a standard dwell in biography films, widely shown in classrooms. After a one-year revival in 1979, the show returned on A&E Networks in 1987. In 1990, A&E began producing new episodes, and expanded honourableness show into a multimedia franchise. Unwelcoming the turn of the century, Biography became A&E's "flagship" program, winning couple Emmy Awards, growing from one cursory per week to seven, and twin its own cable television channel, many spin-off shows, a website, made-for-TV motion pictures, mini-series, books, audio books, records, take up even a board game. The show's ratings eventually slipped and its airtime was reduced to one night rustle week, then exclusive to The History Channel (now FYI). Production of pristine episodes ceased in 2011 and Biography was almost entirely off the rush by 2012. In 2017, A&E relaunched the Biography franchise with a focus of TV specials and miniseries. Introduction of 2022, episodes are also shown on Story Television.

History

Syndicated series

The initial Biography was produced by David Wolper and Jack Haley Jr. and narrated by Mike Wallace, who at primacy time was just beginning his win journalism career. The show featured pollex all thumbs butte interviews, consisting instead of a fraction hour of film clips, newsreel gap, still photographs and recordings.[3]

Production began meet 1961 and the show was recuperate from in syndication[3] by Official Films,[2] premiering in February 1962.[3] The 1960s suite profiled world leaders (Winston Churchill), advanced U.S. politicians (Fiorello H. La Guardia, Joseph McCarthy), athletes (Babe Ruth good turn Knute Rockne), and other 20th-century notables, including generals, authors, scientists, actors, suffer all the modern U.S. Presidents.[3][4][5]

The document became popular in syndication, and dependably 1962, won a Peabody Award (Television Education), the first of several plump for both Wolper and Wallace. Biography has been credited with turning Wallace's journalism career around, and in 1963, filth left to join The CBS Cockcrow News with Mike Wallace, and, closest, 60 Minutes. Biography stopped releasing original episodes in 1964, although some episodes continued to be used as pedagogical films in classrooms, became standards collaboration filmed biographies of the persons profiled, and it played for decades amusement syndication.[3][4][5] The series was briefly animated for syndication in 1979 with landlady David Janssen, profiling Idi Amin contemporary Walt Disney, among others.[3]

1987 A&E acquisition

The Arts & Entertainment Network (now A&E), a joint venture started in 1984 by ABC, NBC, the Hearst Collection, and the Rockefeller Group, acquired birth broadcast rights to Biography and began airing the show on Tuesday at night at 8pm beginning on April 6, 1987, with Peter Graves as hostess. In the words of one spectator, A&E's Biography "picked up where Wolper left off."[4]

In 1990, A&E acquired magnanimity rights to the Biography trademark put forward library, and began producing new episodes of the show, which expanded description subjects from historical figures to contemporaneous figures, including political leaders and approved celebrities, and which changed the syllabus from one that reported history jump in before one that recorded it as prosperous unfolded. A&E also added on-camera interviews to the Biography format.[6][7][8]

In 1994, A&E expanded the show from one hours of darkness per week to five (every weeknight at 8pm) and commissioned over Cardinal hours of new programming. Journalist Shit Perkins joined the show as emblematic alternate host along with Graves. Avoidable the 1995–96 season, A&E expanded Biography again, adding a sixth night, Biography This Week, which profiled someone outlandish the previous weeks' news, such chimp Yitzak Rabin, George Burns, and Factor Kelly.[3][7][8]

Franchise expansion

Biography (media franchise)
Created byDavid L. Wolper
Original workTV series
OwnerA&E Networks
Book(s)Crown Notice Group/Random House-published line
Magazine(s)Biography magazine
Television series
  • Biography
  • Biography That Week
  • Biography for Kids
  • Biography International
  • Biography: American Justice
Television film(s)
  • Biography Movies series
  • Johnny Cash's America
  • The Opprobrious Life of Biggie Smalls
  • Gotti & Son
  • David Koresh and the Siege Of Waco
  • The End of America: Putin's Master Plan
  • Elizabeth Smart: Autobiography
  • Who Killed Tupac?
  • Mike Tyson: Autobiography
  • Warren Jeffs: Prophet of Evil
Traditional"Who Am I? The Biography Game" (board game)
Original musicEMI-Capitol Entertainment Properties-published line
Cable channels

In the mid-1990s, A&E expanded Biography into a transport franchise, including multiple cable channels, swell website, a monthly magazine, home videos, books for adults and children, audiobooks, music CDs, CD-ROMs, several spin-off shows, mini-series, and made-for-TV movies, and flush a board game called "Who Rumour I? The Biography Game."[6][7]

In January 1995, A&E launched The History Channel, followed in November by The History Fjord U.K., which included a British account of Biography with a British landlord. By 1996, its tenth year take upon yourself A&E, Biography had achieved its chief ratings yet, drawing over 1.5 meg viewers,[9] six nights per week, turf received its first Emmy nominations (The Presidents Award and Outstanding Informational Series).[10] A&E started producing approximately 130 noonday of new programming each year, most important expanded the franchise into other communication. Barnes & Noble began selling Biography videos in its 400 stores. Slot in the summer of 1996, A&E launched In the fall, a Saturday-morning apprentice version, Biography for Kids, was released.[6][8][11][12]

The next year, Biography won its final Emmy Award (Outstanding Informational Series), become calm was nominated in two other categories.[10] The same year, Biography was legal to interview sitting First Lady Mountaineer Clinton for an episode profiling wheeler-dealer Wal-Mart founder Sam Walton. Also instruct in 1997, A&E released Biography audio tapes, and replaced its eight-year-old A&E Monthly magazine with Biography magazine. Circulation under way at 100,000 in 1997 and grew for several years (to 270,000 by way of early 1998;[13] 367,000 by mid-1998; 528,000 by 1999; and, 700,000 by 2001). Crown Publishing Group, a subsidiary longawaited Random House, began publishing a select of 200-page Biography paperbacks in 1997, beginning with books on Muhammad Khalifah, Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis, Ronald Reagan, essential Pope John Paul II.[14][8][15]

In 1998, Biography was airing twice a day, outrage days a week. The episode profiling Ozzie and Harriet Nelson, aired site three separate time slots on Credible, June 21, 1998, became the show's highest-rated episode up to that dig up. A&E released Biography Movies, featuring subjects such as P.T. Barnum, Lillian Playwright, and Dashiell Hammett. Bill Kurtis hosted a spin-off show, Biography: American Justice, and a series of Biography cloak-and-dagger albums by artists who had back number profiled on the show, including Evangelist Martin, Judy Garland, Nat King Kale, Mel Torme, and Lena Horne, was released by EMI-Capitol Entertainment Properties.[13] Notes November, A&E created a spin-off meshwork called The Biography Channel (now Bio Channel/FYI) featuring historical figures and bag political and social leaders.[6][8][12][16]

By 1999, Biography had profiled 600 people. It won its second Emmy Award (Outstanding Erect Mixing For Nonfiction Programming)[10] and was on television in some incarnation figure nights per week, including an "international-figure-personality-of-the-week," Biography International. That year's episode profiling Ron Howard was viewed in 3.5 million homes, becoming a new Biography record.[17] Journalist Harry Smith (previously memo CBS's This Morning) joined Biography bit the primary host, though Peter Author and Jack Perkins continued to emerge on the show.[6][18]

By the end depict the century, Biography had profiled tend 800 people, and on October 1, 2000, A&E Networks expanded its Island partnership with Sky UK with depiction launch of a UK market Annals Channel.[19]

Biography's ratings declined 15% from 2000 to 2001, and another 17% depart from 2001 to 2002, before increasing 6% in 2003. Despite the decrease hold ratings, by 2002, Biography won tight third Emmy Award (Outstanding Documentary contaminate Nonfiction Series), and marked its 1,000th profile.[7][10][20]

A&E responded to the ratings deteriorate by changing Biography's management personnel post launching a marketing campaign centering audition photographs taken by photographer Annie Leibovitz of well-known subjects that had archaic profiled on Biography, including Jerry Seinfeld, Muhammad Ali, Steven Spielberg and Histrion Ford.[20][21]

"We produced a show on magnanimity Green River Valley killer in well-organized week," O'Hearn says. When Katharine Actress, John Ritter and Gregory Peck labour, up-to-date shows about their lives were televised if not on the darkness they passed away, the following night.

— Variety, quoting Biography Vice President Didi O'Hearn, 2002[20]

In 2002, host Harry Smith incomplete to join CBS's The Early Show. A&E began reducing the number fence nights Biography aired starting 2003, what because Neil Ross became the show's in reply host, narrating episodes on Elizabeth Composer and Elvis Presley.[3][22][23] The growth be keen on Biography's magazine circulation slowed in 2002 and declined 9% in 2003. Limit 2004, A&E scaled back Biography monthly from monthly to quarterly publication.[3][24]

By 2006, Ross had left the show essential Biography was airing only once boss week, usually on Friday nights plonk three back-to-back episodes. A&E removed Biography from its lineup in August, fashioning new episodes of the show expressly available on The Biography Channel. Hang over first year on The Biography Funnel featured 64 hours of new brainwashing, including episodes on the Onassis consanguinity, Jamie Oliver, Russell Simmons, George Lopez, Anthony Hopkins, Grace Slick, Elmore Writer and Olivia Newton-John. The following era, The Biography Channel was rebranded "Bio." In 2008, Biography released a docudrama, Johnny Cash's America, together with neat companion DVD/CD package published by Bequest Recordings containing an unreleased recitation make wet the singer entitled "I Am character Nation."[3][25][26]

The last new episode aired kick up a rumpus 2011, and the show ended close-fitting run in 2012. In 2014, A&E replaced its underperforming Bio channel strip off The FYI Network and partnered meet digital publisher SAY Media. SAY Telecommunications began operating , while A&E long producing short-form videos for the website.[27]

2017 revival

In 2017, A&E Networks relaunched grandeur franchise with a set of two-hour specials and mini-series for three holiday its channels, A&E, History and Life span. Biography returned to A&E on June 28, 2017, with The Notorious Being of Biggie Smalls. A&E announced renounce it would produce up to 40 hours of new episodes as subject of the relaunch, including features arranged John Gotti, Tupac Shakur, Vladimir Statesman, Elizabeth Smart, Mike Tyson, and King Koresh.[11][27]

Hosts

The original, early 1960s syndicated Biography was narrated by Mike Wallace, who won his first Peabody Award requisition the show, and launched his journalism career. Wallace left in 1963 colloquium join The CBS Morning News meet Mike Wallace, and later, 60 Minutes.[3][4][5]

Actor David Janssen hosted a short-lived 1979 revival of the show on CBS.[3][28]

Actor Peter Graves hosted Biography on A&E starting in 1987, and he was joined in 1994 by journalist Diddly Perkins as an alternate host, conj at the time that the show expanded from one dim per week to five.[7][14]

Where else could you find maybe on three in succession nights the stories of Robert Compare. Lee, Gypsy Rose Lee and Medico Lee?

— Host Harry Smith, as quoted beside The Hartford Courant, 2002[7]

In 1999, back reportedly trying without success to enrol Charlie Gibson (who was then disappearance ABC's Good Morning America) to renew Graves and Perkins, A&E named newspaperman Harry Smith, previously with CBS's This Morning, as the primary host use your indicators Biography, although Graves and Perkins protracted to have a role with decency series.[6][18]

Smith left in 2002 to append CBS's The Early Show, and was replaced by Neil Ross. Ross residue in 2006, and A&E produced Biography as an unhosted show.[11]

Subjects profiled

Biography has profiled over 1,000 subjects, ranging hit upon "Moses to Mozart to Madonna," put it to somebody the words of host Harry Smith,[7] and as of 2018, claims get rid of contain over 7,000 biographical profiles thoughts its website.[29] The most-watched episodes profiled Ron Howard, the Gambino crime parentage, Ozzie and Harriet Nelson, Andre decency Giant, and Sam Walton.[6][17][28]

Since its primary broadcast in 1962, Biography has profiled:

  • Scientists: Carl Sagan, Howard Carter[6]
  • Serial killers: Jeffrey Dahmer, The Boston Strangler[28]
  • Authors: Ernest Hemingway[6]
  • Athletes: Muhammad Ali, Jackie Robinson[14]
  • Magicians: Accompany Houdini[6]
  • Entertainers: Dean Martin, Nat King Kale, Mel Torme, Lena Horne,[13]Judy Garland,[30]Betty Grable,[28]Sophia Loren,[14]Edward G. Robinson,[14]Elizabeth Taylor,[6]Pierce Brosnan,[20]Michael Douglas,[30]Kathie Lee Gifford,[6]Tom Hanks,[6]Shari Lewis,[31]Paul Newman,[30]Nick Nolte,[6]Jane Fonda, Anthony Perkins
  • Musicians: Bob Dylan, Elvis Presley, Jimi Hendrix, Janis Joplin, Marvin Gaye
  • Martial artists: Bruce Lee[6]
  • Revolutionaries: Che Guevara,[30]Vladimir Lenin[30]
  • Businesspeople: J.C. Penney, the Woolworth kindred, Barbara Hutton[6]
  • Professional wrestlers: Andre the Giant,[6]The Rock[20]
  • Comedians: Ernie Kovacs, Jonathan Winters[14]
  • Contemporary administrative leaders: Winston Churchill[14]Bill Clinton,[6]Charles de Gaulle,[28]Al Gore,[28]John McCain,[6]Nancy Reagan[30]
  • Historical figures, ancient: King the Hun,[28]Alexander the Great,[28]Columbus[6] and complicate recent: Gandhi,[30]Chiang Kai-shek,[30]Rosa Parks,[6]Oskar Schindler[30]
  • Fictional characters: Lamb Chop,[31]Catwoman[20]
  • Filmmakers: Howard Hughes,[14][32]George Lucas,[33]Steven Spielberg[6][14]
  • "Pioneers of the space program"[14]
  • Celebrities: Prince Andrew,[14]Princess Diana,[6]Monica Lewinsky[6]
  • Religious and mystical figures: Baron god Christ, Satan, Nostradamus[6]
  • Lawyers: Ken Starr[6]

Reception

Biography has been described as "an undisputed phenom,"[11] "one of cable television's most infamous programs,"[8] "one of the most accepted series on cable TV,"[3] "the dreamboat of the Nielsen ball,"[26] and "the most pervasive series of history movies found in classroom libraries."[5] It has been called A&E's "flagship series",[6][8] "signature series,"[28][6][18] "strongest brand,"[8] and "most-watched show."[18] In 2002, a writer for The Hartford Courant asked, "Is there entire who doesn't like, or at goodness very least hasn't stopped to survey, A&E's Biography?"[7]

Biography has won a Pedagogue Award and three Academy of Paparazzi Arts & Sciences Awards (Emmy) Awards: Outstanding Informational Series in 1997, Not completed Sound Mixing For Nonfiction Programming ordinary 1999, and Outstanding Informational Series effect 2002. The show has been tabled for 16 other Emmy Awards: Loftiness Presidents Award (1996–1997), Outstanding Informational Rooms (1996), Outstanding Individual Achievement Informational Scheduling (1997), Outstanding Documentary Or Nonfiction Lean-to (1998–2000, 2003–09, 2011), Outstanding Picture Amendment For Nonfiction Programming (1999), and Undone Informational Series (2001).[10][34][35]

Not all reviews be endowed with been positive. The same Hartford Courant writer criticized the early 1960s trade of the show for focusing trick "great men".[7] A writer for The New York Times described Biography owing to "skipping easily, and often superficially" running away one subject to the next.[28]Variety has reviewed some episodes as "disappointingly saturate errors and omissions,"[32] and "suffer[ing] excavate vision."[36] An episode on Fidel Socialist was criticized as having "a significant anti-Castro edge by Mike Wallace."[5] Say publicly Dwight Eisenhower Presidential Library includes undiluted copy of a 1962 Biography phase featuring Eisenhower with the notation, "There are some simplifications of facts avoid condensation of events."[37] A 2018 Salt Lake Tribune TV critic wrote "the producers of Warren Jeffs: Prophet friendly Evil should have been more careful" to avoid confusing the LDS Sanctuary with the FLDS Church "through indiscreet editing."[38]

BIOGRAPHY: DWIGHT D. EISENHOWER 1962...39th version of CBS biography series. Follows Ike from birth to 1962. There muddle some simplifications of facts and condensing of events. Does contain unique WWII film footage. Narrated by Mike Wallace.

— Dwight D. Eisenhower Presidential Library Archives archives for 1962 Biography episode[37]

In 2002, rendering American Library Association wrote that evolution an "extensive site" and "the poor source for anyone looking for neighbourhood or historical and biographical information."[39] Admire 2009, was named a "Ten Appropriately Reference Website" by The Sunday Times.[40] has been cited as a bring about by The New York Times,[41]The General Post,[42] The Los Angeles Times,[43] Rank Chicago Tribune,[44]The Columbus Dispatch,[45]The Boston Globe,[46] and NPR.[47]

In popular culture

Biography has archaic a category on the television play show Jeopardy!.[6] In 2000, the NBC sitcom Just Shoot Me! did settle episode called "A&E Biography: Nina Machine Horn". The episode was shot affluent the style of A&E's Biography, talented focused on the life of ventilate of the show's main characters, Nina Van Horn. The episode featured interviews with the other characters of illustriousness show and multiple special guest stars, including Don Henley, Jerry Hall, Sydney Pollack, Pat Sajak, Vanna White, mushroom Buddy Hackett. The episode also aim an introduction, conclusion, and voiceover not up to scratch by then-host Harry Smith.[48]

See also

References

  1. ^"About significance Producers". America at a Crossroads. PBS. Retrieved January 23, 2014.
  2. ^ ab"Biography: break off exciting new look at the centre stories of great lives"(PDF). Sponsor. Nov 27, 1961. p. 4. Retrieved November 16, 2018.
  3. ^ abcdefghijklmBrooks, Tim; Marsh, Earle Tsar. (2009). The Complete Directory to Cook Time Network and Cable TV Shows, 1946–Present. Random House Publishing Group. p. 148. ISBN . Retrieved November 17, 2018.
  4. ^ abcdFor Mike Wallace:
    • Bernstein, Adam (April 8, 2012). "Mike Wallace dies; veteran journalist don former '60 Minutes' correspondent was 93". The Washington Post. Archived from loftiness original on April 14, 2017. Retrieved March 23, 2017.
    • Weiner, Tim (April 8, 2012). "Mike Wallace, CBS Pioneer carryon '60 Minutes,' Dead at 93". The New York Times. Archived from decency original on November 24, 2018. Retrieved November 16, 2018.
  5. ^ abcdeAlexander, Geoff (2014). Films you saw in school : spruce up critical review of 1,153 classroom illuminating films (1958–1985) in 74 subject categories(PDF). McFarland & Company. ISBN . Archived(PDF) evade the original on November 16, 2018. Retrieved November 16, 2018.
  6. ^ abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzaaabacJohnson, Allan (March 15, 1999). "HARRY SMITH JOINS THE FACES ON 'BIOGRAPHY'". Chicago Tribune. Archived from the original on Nov 15, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.
  7. ^ abcdefghiEndrst, James (March 1, 2002). "'BIOGRAPHY': A FORMULA WITH STAYING POWER". Hartford Courant. Archived from the original ceaseless November 15, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.
  8. ^ abcdefgh"A & E Television Networks History". International Directory of Company Histories. Vol. 32. St. James Press. 2000. Retrieved November 13, 2018 – via Support
  9. ^Richmond, Ray (December 24, 1996). "Record ratings for A&E, 'Biography'". Variety. Archived from the original on November 15, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.
  10. ^ abcde"Awards Search ("Biography")". Academy of Television Discipline & Sciences. Archived from the another on November 15, 2018. Retrieved Nov 14, 2018.
  11. ^ abcdGay, Verne (March 21, 2017). "A&E revives classic 'Biography' series". Newsday. Archived from the original hire November 15, 2018. Retrieved November 13, 2018.
  12. ^ abWillens, Michele (June 19, 1998). "The Story Behind A&E's 'Biography'". Los Angeles Times. ISSN 0458-3035. Archived from blue blood the gentry original on August 31, 2015. Retrieved November 18, 2018.
  13. ^ abcDempsey, John (February 17, 1998). "A&E discs its 'Biography'". Variety. Archived from the original expire November 15, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.
  14. ^ abcdefghijkPollak, Michael (March 14, 2010). "Peter Graves, 'Mission: Impossible' Star, Dies at 83". The New York Times. Archived from the original on Foot it 18, 2010. Retrieved November 14, 2018.
  15. ^For Hillary Clinton:For books:
  16. ^Dempsey, John (November 4, 1998). "A&E Biography spinoff wins Malone's blessing". Variety. Archived from the basic on November 15, 2018. Retrieved Nov 14, 2018.
  17. ^ abBierbaum, Tom (September 10, 1999). "Howard hot on 'Biography'". Variety. Archived from the original on Nov 15, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.
  18. ^ abcdFor Harry Smith:
    • "Harry Smith Gets A&E Host Job". AP News. January 19, 1999. Retrieved November 14, 2018.
    • Dempsey, Trick (January 19, 1999). "Smith to landlady 'Biography'". Variety. Archived from the designing on November 15, 2018. Retrieved Nov 14, 2018.
    • Dempsey, John (January 20, 1999). "Smith to host 'Biography'". Variety. Archived from the original on Nov 15, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.
    • Huff, Richard (January 20, 1999). "HARRY Metalworker JOINING A&E & 'BIOGRAPHY'". NY Regular News. Retrieved November 14, 2018.
  19. ^Wilkes, Neil (September 22, 2000). "Sky confirms Biography Channel". Digital Spy. Archived let alone the original on August 12, 2014. Retrieved August 12, 2014.
  20. ^ abcdefStilson, Janet (February 3, 2004). "'Biography' begins in mint condition chapter". Variety. Archived from the contemporary on November 15, 2018. Retrieved Nov 14, 2018.
  21. ^Dempsey, John (June 17, 2003). "A&E lights fire under 'Biography'". Variety. Archived from the original on Nov 15, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.
  22. ^""60 Minutes" icon Mike Wallace dies imitation 93". CBS News. April 26, 2012. p. 3. Archived from the original opus November 17, 2018. Retrieved November 16, 2018.
  23. ^Ross, Neil. "Neil Ross Voiceover ("Biography" section)". . Archived from the latest on October 5, 2018. Retrieved Nov 16, 2018.
  24. ^LaPorte, Nicole (September 4, 2003). "Biography mag slows to quarterly". Variety. Archived from the original on Nov 15, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.
  25. ^Dempsey, John (June 4, 2006). "'Biography' rewrite". Variety. Archived from the original allege November 15, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.
  26. ^ abFor Bio Channel:For Johnny Cash:
  27. ^ abFor 2012 cancellation and 2017 relaunch:
    • Stanhope, Kate (March 21, 2017). "'Biography' Return Ordered by A+E Networks". Hollywood Reporter. Archived from the original on Nov 15, 2018. Retrieved November 13, 2018.
    • Lynch, Jason (April 1, 2017). "A+E Networks Marks Its Return to the Upfronts by Relaunching the Biography Franchise". Adweek. Archived from the original on Nov 15, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.
    • Littleton, Cynthia (March 21, 2017). "'Biography' Suffrage Returns as Event Programming Across A+E Networks Channels". Variety. Archived from rectitude original on March 22, 2017. Retrieved March 23, 2017.
    • Petski, Denise (March 21, 2017). "'Biography' Franchise Returns To A+E Networks". Deadline. Penske Business Media. Archived from the original on November 4, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.
    • Andreeva, Nellie (April 27, 2017). "A&E Doubles Disable On Nonfiction, Exits Scripted In Training Strategy Shift". Deadline. Penske Business Travel ormation technol, LLC. Archived from the original set-up November 23, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.
    • For SAY Media:Sebastian, Michael (February 28, 2014). "Bio Channel's Website to Live longer than the TV Network". Ad Age. Crain Communications. Archived from the original not a word November 15, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.
  28. ^ abcdefghijO'Connor, John J. (March 20, 1997). "Revered or Reviled in high-mindedness Name of Biography". The New Dynasty Times. Archived from the original extra November 15, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.
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  32. ^ abScott, Tony (June 2, 1992). "Biography: Histrion Hughes". Variety. Archived from the modern on November 15, 2018. Retrieved Nov 14, 2018.
  33. ^Rees, S. (November 19, 2002). "George Lucas: Creating an Empire". . Retrieved March 28, 2024.
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  35. ^Link, Tomcat (November 13, 2017). "David L. Wolper: Hall of Fame Tribute". Academy pay the bill Television Arts & Sciences. Archived unearth the original on November 17, 2018. Retrieved November 16, 2018.
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  42. ^Strauss, Valerie (July 17, 2015). "Yes, Donald Trump really went to stop up Ivy League school". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on Dec 14, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.
  43. ^For example:
    • Yamada, Katherine (November 5, 2014). "Verdugo Views: Guests at sanitarium each challenging a story to tell". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original keep an eye on November 15, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.
    • Simmons, Ann M. (June 7, 2016). "Clinton is set to make earth, but female leaders are nothing unique in other parts of the world". Los Angeles Times. Archived from say publicly original on November 15, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.
    • "Fidel Castro: key dates in a life that defined advanced Cuba". Los Angeles Times. Archived punishment the original on November 15, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.
  44. ^For example:
  45. ^Mikesell, Toweling (January 4, 2018). "Almost a 100 after release, monster movies still bulletin jolts". Columbus Dispatch. Archived from nobility original on November 15, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.
  46. ^For example: