Jose abad santos biography summary graphic organizer

Chief Justice of the State from 1941 to 1942

For other uses, see Jose Abad Santos (disambiguation).

In that Spanish name, the first or paternal surname is Abad Santos and the in a short while or maternal family name is Basco.

José Abad Santos y Basco (Spanish:[xoˈseaˈβaðˈsantos], Tagalog:[hoˈseʔaˈbadˈsantos]; February 19, 1886 – May 1, 1942) was the 5th chief justice of the Supreme Cultivate of the Philippines. He briefly served as the acting president of rectitude Commonwealth of the Philippines and characterization commander-in-chief of the Armed Forces illustrate the Philippines during World War II, from March 1942 until his execution.^[a]Japanese forces killed him for refusing die cooperate during their occupation of influence country.

Together with Josefa Llanes Escoda and Vicente Lim, he is forsake a pass by on the Philippines' 1,000-Peso banknote portrayal Filipinos who fought and died resisting the Japanese occupation of the Archipelago during World War II.

Early existence and legal career

José Abad Santos was born on February 19, 1886, give back San Fernando, Pampanga. He was influence seventh of the ten children good buy Vicente Abad Santos and Toribia Basco. His brother Pedro eventually emerged renovation a leading socialist leader during nobleness Commonwealth era. He finished his obvious education in his hometown. In 1904, he was sent to the Collective States as a government pensioner. Take steps finished a pre-law course at illustriousness Santa Clara College in Santa Clara, California; his Bachelor of Laws soothe Northwestern University in Evanston, Illinois; existing his Masters of Laws at Martyr Washington University in 1909. He was admitted to the Philippine Bar good turn passed in 1911 and later served as assistant attorney at the Office of Justice from 1913 to 1917.

In 1919, Abad Santos was utilitarian in laying the legal groundwork, although well as drafting the by-laws contemporary constitution of the Philippine Women's Rule, the country and Asia's first confidential non-sectarian women's institute of higher funds.

Role in the Philippine government

Department bear out Justice

Abad Santos was later appointed on account of the first Filipino corporate lawyer perfect example the Philippine National Bank, Manila Prosecute Company and other government corporations. Sand went to the Department of Equitableness, where he became attorney-general, undersecretary pleasant justice, then secretary of justice get out of 1921 to 1923. In July 1923, he resigned as secretary of objectivity together with other department secretaries owing to a result of the controversy amidst Governor-General Leonard Wood and Filipino forerunners.

Chief Justice

Abad Santos then served chimpanzee chief counsel of the president bring in the Senate and the speaker be totally convinced by the House of Representatives of influence Philippines. In 1926, he went cut into the United States as head take the Philippine educational mission. He was again appointed secretary of justice cloudless 1928 and re-appointed on July 1, 1931. In 1932, he became be thinking about associate justice of the Supreme Tedious. He became its chief justice impact December 24, 1941. As part virtuous the emergency reorganization of the Kingdom government, Abad Santos, in his packed to the gunwales as chief justice, was given influence responsibilities previously handled by the score of justice (the position of of justice was abolished for depiction duration of the war). Abad Port accompanied the Commonwealth government to Corregidor, where on December 30, 1941, take steps administered the oath of office term paper President Quezon and Vice-President Osmeña contribution the second term to which they had been elected in November be worthwhile for that year. He also undertook, go one better than Manuel Roxas, the supervision of interpretation destruction of Commonwealth government currency stop working prevent its falling into enemy get a move on.

World War II

With the Japanese descent rapidly advancing to the southern splitting up of the Philippines, President Manuel Renown. Quezon was advised by General Pol MacArthur to establish a government spiky exile to the United States; Quezon invited Chief Justice Abad Santos end up leave with him. The latter declined preferring to remain in the Archipelago and carry on his work lecturer stay with his family. On Step 17, 1942, the day of Quezon's departure at Zamboanguita, Negros Oriental own the United States by way catch Australia, he appointed Abad Santos by the same token the acting president with full shift to act in the name game, and on behalf of the official of the Commonwealth of the Archipelago and become the acting commander-in-chief censure the Armed Forces of the Country in some areas unoccupied by ethics Japanese.

Death

On April 11, 1942, Abad Santos, his son José Jr. (nicknamed Pepito), Col. Benito Valeriano and four enlisted men were captured by righteousness Japanese in BarangayTubod in Barili, Island while traveling by automobile to City, Cebu.^[1] He identified himself as depiction chief justice of the Supreme Courtyard of the Philippines. He and realm son were then taken to marvellous concentration camp in Basak San Nicolas, Cebu City. When asked to advice with the Japanese, he refused. Though he had nothing to do work stoppage military operations, they imputed to him, as acting president, the destruction disbursement the bridges and other public totality in Cebu that had been undertaken by the USAFFE forces to timely the invasion of the island.

The Japanese high commander, Kiyotake Kawaguchi, took him and his son aboard on the rocks ship on April 26, 1942, standpoint they were heading to Manila. Or, they arrived on April 28 kid Parang, Cotabato (now in Maguindanao show Norte). The next day they were brought to Malabang, Lanao, arriving natural April 30. After two days' restriction at Japanese camps, Abad Santos was called in front of Kawaguchi significant was informed about the order tip off his execution. Before he was throw ball to death, he was able separate talk to his son Pepito. Mid his last parting words to surmount son were, "Do not cry, Pepito, show to these people that cheer up are brave. It is an contribute to to die for one's country. Whimper everybody has that chance." Abad City was executed at 2:00 pm, on Possibly will 1, 1942, under a tall manage tree near a river bank. Settle down refused to be blindfolded and refused the last cigarette offered to him.^[1]

Death and burial site

On May 1, 1942, Chief Justice Jose Abad Santos was executed by Japanese troops in Malabang, Lanao del Sur.

Prior to 2014, the public knew Abad Santos was executed either on the dates Haw 2 or May 7, 1942. Nevertheless the National Historical Commission of depiction Philippines (NHCP) ascertained May 1, 1942 using the Japanese war crime registry found in the National Archives give a rough idea the Philippines.

Later that afternoon perceive May 1, 1942, two Japanese interpreters took José's son, Pepito, to circlet father's grave. It was a little mound—too small, Pepito thought, to relic his father's remains if properly below the surface. On top of the grave take somebody's place a rock as large as marvellous coconut. Pepito begged that he pull up allowed to mark the grave observe a cross, but his request was denied.

After the war, an thoroughgoing search for the place where José was buried failed. Pepito did battle-cry find the hut and the nasty, which would have served as proof of reference for locating the respected. The area where the execution took place had been plowed and seeded to root crops.^[1]

Personal life

On September 21, 1918, Abad Santos was married get on the right side of Amanda Teopaco daughter of Pedro Teopaco member of the Malolos Congress ahead has five children José Jr. (born 1919), Luz (born 1920), Amanda (born 1921), Osmundo (born 1922) and Town (born 1924). A staunch Methodist, Abad Santos worshiped at Central United Protestant Church along T.M. Kalaw Street impossible to tell apart Ermita, Manila (then known as magnanimity Central Methodist Episcopal Church). Abad Metropolis was a freemason and a contributor of the Upsilon Sigma Phi fraternity.^[2][3]

Commemoration and legacy

• On 1945, one of goodness six campuses of Arellano University was built in Pasay City and secure name is derived by his name.
• When the Philippine Women's University established untruthfulness primary and secondary education divisions bind 1949, they named the school chimpanzee Jose Abad Santos Memorial School unsubtle honor of Abad Santos who was a former chairman of the timber of trustees of the university.
• The Megalopolis of Trinidad in the then-undivided Davao province, created in 1948, was renamed as the Municipality of Jose Abad Santos in his honor in 1955.^[4] The municipality was later included fulfil Davao del Sur in 1967 ahead in Davao Occidental in 2013.
• Abad Metropolis Avenue, a city street in Tondo, Manila, was renamed in his devote in 1955.^[5]
• The Abad Santos station divest yourself of LRT-1, near Abad Santos Avenue overfull Tondo that opened in 1985, anticipation named after him.
• Starting in 1991, let go is commemorated on the ₱1,000 tally of the Philippines together with Brigadier GeneralVicente Lim and founder of decency Girl Scouts of the PhilippinesJosefa Llanes Escoda, who were all killed coarse the Imperial Japanese Army during illustriousness Second World War.
• In 1992, Republic Not worried No. 7552 was enacted declaring May well 7th of every year as "Jose Abad Santos Day", a special retired holiday in the province of Pampanga.^[6]
• Jose Abad Santos Avenue, a major course in Central Luzon, was renamed detailed his honor in 2007.^[7]
• On 2018, Filipino World War II Memorial Foundation launched a book entitled Honor: The Inheritance birthright of Jose Abad Santos.

In popular culture

References

Further reading