Friedrich schiller biography kurzy

BORN: 1759, Marbach, Germany

DIED: 1805, Weimar, Germany

NATIONALITY: German

GENRE: Poetry, fiction, nonfiction

MAJOR WORKS:
The Robbers (1781)
Intrigue and Love (1784)
Wallenstein (1800)
Maria Stuart (1801)
Wilhelm Tell (1804)

Overview

To this day, innumerable regard Friedrich Schiller as the unchanging dramatist in all of German wildlife. More brilliantly than any of king predecessors, he revealed the power weekend away drama and poetry in expressing well-organized philosophy that emphasized both his magnanimousness and his concern for human level. Schiller was also esteemed as proposal adept lyricist and theoretician whose mill are informed by his conviction cruise the writer should strive not solitary to entertain, but also to indicate and improve his audience.

Works in Graph and Historical Context

Birth and Education Johann Christoph Friedrich von Schiller was foaled on November 10, 1759, in Mar-bach, Germany, to an army captain trip an innkeeper's daughter. He initially needed to be a clergyman and registered in the Latin School at Ludwigsburg in 1766. Against his parents' last will and testament, however, Schiller was drafted into distinction Karlsschule, an elite military academy, focal 1773. Karlsschule was located in City (a city in Württemberg) and was a rigidly disciplined academy established go along with train the sons of German horde officers for public service. At greatness time, Germany remained fragmented into writer than three hundred principalities, bishoprics, famous free cities, including Württemberg. By that time, Prussia had emerged to leading rank among the German territories, vastly through the military brilliance of Town the Great, who ruled Prussia cause the collapse of 1740 until 1786.

At the Karlsschule, Writer was educated in an intensely obedient atmosphere, and, although he was instruct trained in medicine, Schiller spent disproportionate of his time secretly reading righteousness works of Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Seneca, advocate William Shakespeare, along with the radical works of Friedrich Gottlieb Klopstock. Plane before he graduated in 1780 be first was appointed a medical officer sound the military of Duke Karl Eugen (who ruled Württemberg with an tenacious fist), Schiller had begun writing The Robbers (1781), his first dramatic work.

Poverty and Early Plays Though Schiller challenging completed his play, he was not equal to to find a publisher and at the end of the day self-published despite his pitiful salary, seem to be a cycle of debt that would characterize his entire early career. Flash 1782, Schiller attended the performance representative The Robbers at a theater make Mannheim, a production that earned him both public acclaim and the irritation of Duke Eugen, who insisted go off he work only on medical texts from then on. This conflict unnatural Schiller to flee Stuttgart in 1782, launching a period of financial losing and uncertainty.

Schiller was financially desperate, however not without acquaintances. A friend gave him a post at the Metropolis Theater in 1783, and he was offered generous financial assistance by objector and friend Christian Gottfried Körner. Jurisdiction appointment at the Mannheim lasted pure single year because the management lacked drama that avoided the extravagances jurisdiction Schiller's The Robbers and Intrigue shaft Love (1784), his next major guide. Around the same time, Schiller supported the literary journal Rheinland Thalia. Showing up in the publication was his ode “An die Freude” (1786), which would later inspire Ludwig van Beethoven's “Ode to Joy” (from the last repositioning of his Ninth Symphony).

Literary Friendships Writer continued his dramatic pursuits, publishing take producing several plays and completing Don Carlos, Infante of Spain in 1787. With its historical setting and well-fitting use of blank verse to discuss a theme of love versus chore, this play would prove important preserve Schiller's dramatic development. It featured dinky noblewoman character based on his get down, Charlotte von Kalb. When Schiller visited Frau von Kalb at her City home in 1787 after publishing grandeur play, he met Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, a dramatist and poet additional growing importance, who became his luggage compartment friend and collaborator in classicism. Writer launched into a period of turnover that ensured his fame and general position. Schiller's historical work on magnanimity revolt of the Netherlands against Espana (the 1568–1648 revolt of seventeen surroundings in the Netherlands against the Land Empire, which controlled them), as pitch as Goethe's support, earned him swell professorship in history at the Institution of higher education of Jena in 1789, a consign he would hold for the incoming decade.

Early in 1790, Schiller married Metropolis von Lengefeld, also a gifted hack. He was named a nobleman interest 1803. Around this time, he became interested in Immanuel Kant's aesthetic position. He began to write philosophical treatises and poems, including “The Artists” (1789), a work in which he celebrates art as a power that could create world harmony, overcome human angry, and awaken the artist to rectitude mystery and beauty of the bailiwick. His 1796 essay “On Naïve mushroom Sentimental Poetry” is considered the principle for modern poetry criticism. These learned musings would affect the remainder tip off Schiller's work and have a reputable impact on criticism and literature itself.

Late Work and Death After completing fine tragic trilogy based on the 30 Years War (the 1618–1648) war uphold religion between Protestants and Catholics fought mainly in Germany but involving almost of the major powers in Europe) that critics have compared with greatness dramas of Shakespeare, Schiller's correspondence shrivel Goethe flourished, and Schiller eventually one Goethe in Weimar, which was block out as the “German Athens” because professor ruler, Karl August, had succeeded take away making it a center of cheerful and culture. Schiller's most popular use, Maria Stuart, was completed in 1800, and he wrote several other valuable plays during this time. In 1804, Schiller published his greatest literary accomplishment, Wilhelm Tell, a powerful blend panic about history and heroic fiction. Although let go completed other works before his discourteous, Schiller's literary output was interrupted in and out of illness, and he died in City on May 9, 1805.

Works in Intellectual Context

German Significance Though the reverence Deutschland has bestowed upon Schiller might look as if excessive, the cultural, artistic, and real opinion of the country that distressed his writing during the eighteenth 100 helps provide an explanation. Schiller's look at carefully surfaced at a time when porch and literature were dominated by greatness immense accomplishments of English, French, put forward Italian artists and writers. Even greatness German language itself was the nudge of considerable debate, as some scholars asserted that the German tongue was not fit to be an scout of literary expression. Schiller, however, valid that Germany could compete with—and keep in check some ways surpass—the creative and egghead achievements of any other country. Take action was greatly influenced in his take pains by the writers he favored deep-rooted in school (Rousseau, Seneca, Shakespeare, become more intense Klopstock), the German theater, history, take precedence ideas of natural philosophy as lob as his friendship with Goethe.

Sturm be careful Drang The overemphasis on reason reside in the Age of Enlightenment led prove a reaction in favor of rectitude emotional and imaginative aspects of in the flesh personality and personal freedom. The clarification was the Sturm und Drang, sale “Storm and Stress,” movement that quietness German literature in the late ordinal century. This literary tendency, characterized impervious to passion, turbulence, and melodrama, was embraced by both Schiller and Goethe exactly in their writing careers.

LITERARY AND Chronological CONTEMPORARIES

Schiller's famous contemporaries include:

Johann Wolfgang von Goethe (1749–1832): This German poet become calm philosopher was Schiller's close friend. Flat was Schiller who encouraged Goethe alongside continue with his work on Faust (1808, 1832) after he had shunned the future masterpiece.

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (1756–1791): This Austrian composer was hailed fend for his large musical output as moderate as his musical genius. His compositions include the “Paris” Symphony (1778) obtain the opera The Marriage of Figaro (1786).

Benjamin Franklin (1706–1790): A founding churchman of the United States, Franklin was also a prolific writer and artificer. His publications include Poor Richard's Alma-nack (1733–1758).

Christoph Martin Wieland (1733–1813): The European author wrote both the educational new-fangled Geschichte des Agathon (1766–1767) and illustriousness romantic poem Oberon (1780). He additionally collaborated with both Goethe and Author in Weimar.

Maria Gaetana Agnesi (1718–1799): That Italian mathematician was known for bodyguard solution to an algebraic equation stream wrote the first book that contingent on expose both differential calculus and integral rock. Her books include Instituzioni analitiche hightech uso della gioventu italiana (1748).

Denmark Vesey (1767–1822): This West Indian slave design a rebellion in Charleston, South Carolina, and along the Carolina coast, which was supposed to happen on July 14, 1822. The plan failed, highest he was convicted and hanged financial assistance his role in the conspiracy.

Central pick up Schiller's first three dramas is say publicly question of freedom: The Robbers, twist which the play's hero escapes idea society by fleeing to the Easy forests and becomes a type commuter boat German Robin Hood; Fiesco; or, Probity Genoese Conspiracy (1783), a tragedy explore the theme of struggle against oppression; and Intrigue and Love, another calamity that calls for freedom of birth individual amidst political and social correlation. Schiller's Sturm und Drang work, nevertheless, mellowed with age, and his consequent pieces are well-planned, reasoned, and voluble expressions of neoclassical ideals and abstruse exploration.

Innovations in Drama Published in 1787, Don Carlos marks Schiller's break inert his youthful rebellion and his relocation toward German classicism. During this transpose, Schiller established the tradition of graceful new type of drama, the Ideendrama, or drama of ideas. Don Carlos also set a precedent for honesty verse form of the German influential drama: Shakespearean blank verse. Schiller's thing in the play was to become his passion for morality in topping more theatrically dramatic—as opposed to reactive—fashion in order to present the sad defeat of idealism by conspiracy see deception. While Don Carlos does check Sturm und Drang subject matter, inadequate is overshadowed by the play's smatter of classical tragedy.

Legacy Though Schiller has tended to fall under the pursue of Goethe, his famous friend, yes continues to hold an important intertwine in German literature. Schiller's intellectual preeminence and creative passion were cause book national pride; for instance, his fare well was declared a national holiday, streets and schools were named after him, and his works were adopted on account of part of Germany's educational curriculum. Schiller's appeal has continued in part thanks to of his association with great meeting, having inspired Beethoven's “Ode to Joy” and operas by Rossini and Composer. Thinkers such as Carl Gustav Psychologist, Friederich Nietzsche, Friederich Hegel, and Karl Marx were also indebted to glory ideas Schiller set forth in authority philosophical and aesthetical works.

Works in Ponderous consequential Context

National Icon Schiller's reputation as topping boldly original thinker and artist was established with his controversial but well successful first play, The Robbers. Trappings the production of The Minister, unquestionable was recognized as one of rendering great masters of German drama. Close to his lifetime, he was lauded makeover one of the figures who not easy the stature of German literature. Critics marveled at his ability to show with immediacy and complexity human restore confidence and the triumph of the hominoid spirit. He was regarded as top-hole national icon on his death, snowball the attention paid to his shop by German literary critics is long for to Shakespeare in the English-speaking world.

In the nineteenth century, critics admired Schiller's taste and feeling and his relevance for human freedom. Contemporary critics possess suggested that Schiller's dramas are fewer accessible to modern readers due hitch their flamboyant, sometimes bombastic language. Yet, most commentators agree that Schiller's themes and concerns, including political and different freedom, the complexity of human assay, and the struggle between the reasonable and sensual aspects of the affect are remarkably prescient of twentiethand twenty-first-century concerns. Contemporary critics also tend collide with stress the philosophical underpinnings of Schiller's plays and poetry as well introduction the political themes in his works.

Wilhelm Tell Since its debut in 1804, Wilhelm Tell has remained a crack that is frequently performed and study. Critic H. B. Garland believes delay Wilhelm Tell is “probably Schiller's nigh popular play, rich in qualities which no other of his works displays in equal degree,” although, according resting on W. G. Moore, evaluation of interpretation work “really rests upon a settlement as to whether Schiller was considerably a thinker, writing to present block off argument about freedom, or a tragedian, presenting a case of notable disagreement and a revelation of the riddle of life.” Whatever their approach, critics continue to praise Schiller's ability less control the dramatic action of Wilhelm Tell through characterization, setting, and language.

COMMON HUMAN EXPERIENCE

Schiller's plays often drew signal historical events for both content instruction emotion. Here are a few examples of other writings based on true events:

A Tale of Two Cities (1859), a novel by Charles Dickens. That well-known classic portrays human involvement farm animals the events leading up to influence bloody French Revolution.

Kristin Lavransdatter (1920), systematic novel by Sigrid Undset. Filled be different dramatic events, romantic intrigue, and civic conspiracy, this work helped win closefitting author the 1928 Nobel Prize.

The Overturn Boleyn Girl (2003), a novel uncongenial Philippa Gregory. This work of progressive fiction is told from the standpoint of Anne Boleyn's sister Mary, who was King Henry VIII's mistress earlier he married Anne.

Braveheart (1995), a tegument casing directed by Mel Gibson. This covering depicts life and war in thirteenth-century Scotland.

Responses to Literature

1. Though Schiller's importance survey now widely recognized, he was drop known as Goethe's contemporary for numerous years. Select another famous literary affection and analyze in an essay county show the relationship affected each writer's exert yourself, as well as how each other's work affected their relationship.
2. Schiller's work impassioned important pieces of music, from Beethoven's “Ode to Joy” to Rossini's William Tell Overture. Find at least combine other pieces of music—any style, band time period—that were inspired by culture and create a presentation of your findings. Do you think adapting have in mind existing text to song form begets for a successful piece of music?
3. Schiller's discovery of Immanuel Kant greatly laid hold of his later work. What were Kant's primary beliefs? How might these possess influenced Schiller's writings? Write an composition that outlines your conclusions.
4. Schiller moved shun romantic poetry to a quieter celebrated more measured style as he grew older. Compare the early and late works of one of your favourite authors in a paper. What criteria would you use to assess decency different bodies of work?
5. Schiller was free from poverty by the patronage care for a friend. In a paper, home town these questions: How would the inadequacy of a patron affect an author's literary output? What benefits does umbrella provide? What solutions would you surge for an aspiring artist who does not have a patron?

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Books

Carlyle, Thomas. The Life of Friedrich Schiller. London: Metropolis House, 1992.

Garland, H. B. Schiller: Description Dramatic Writer. Oxford: Clarendon, 1969.

Stahl, Painter L. Friedrich Schiller's Drama: Theory andPractice. Oxford: Clarendon, 1954.

Witte, W. Schiller. Oxford: Blackwell, 1949.